Types of CNC Machine

The Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine is considered an essential in a modern manufacturing industry. It is a computer-driven tool that relies on the instructions fed to it through a Computer Aided Design (CAD) File and interpreted by a Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software by which the machine produces outputs based on the selected program. Reputed for being accurate, timely, and efficient – manufacturing industries that resort to CNC automated machines have reaped benefits both in operational and financial aspects.

These machines come in different types packed with functions specifically designed to address the needs in modern manufacturing. By classification, the CNC is classified into two: 1) Retrofitted, and 2) Custom-built – both are uniquely advantageous. The Retrofitted Machine types were primarily built using an older, pre-CNC technology but was later updated to accustom to CNC programming. While the Custom-Built Type Machines are built specifically for the purpose of CNC programming.

Under the Retrofitted CNC machines are the: Milling machines, Lathes, and Grinders while on the Custom-Built CNC machines are the CNC Router, 3-D printers, Metrology Machines, Laser and Plasma cutters, and Pick and Place machines. With all the different types of CNC Machines, there are Top 5 CNC that are hailed most common:

• CNC Milling Machine – It is classified under the Retrofitted CNC machine and is the most commonly used out of the five (5). This CNC machine is operated by computerized tools that dictate the rotating cylindrical cutter’s movement and direction shaping the material into its desired shape and design. Its tools are mainly designed for drilling and cutting. Typically used for creating design elements (such as: Flat surfaces, contours, grooves, unique shapes, etc.) and is able to work with a variety of materials such as Metals, ceramics, plastics, etc.; giving the manufacturing industry flexible options to match their design preferences.
• CNC Lathes – It is also classified under the Retrofitted CNC machines and is more commonly used for symmetrical objects (E.g. Cones, Spheres, Cylinders, etc.). The materials are then placed and rotated on a spindle while it cuts and shapes it through an abrading or carving tool. The CNC Lathes come in 2 forms – Horizontal and Vertical. The Horizontal Lathe is best used for lighter materials and is great for producing smaller or midsize pieces while the Vertical Lathe is suitable for large and heavy work pieces.
• CNC Routers – It is classified under the Custom-built CNC machines. This CNC machine is somewhat similar to the CNC Milling Machine. However, it is commonly used for shaping and carving woodworks, plastics, aluminum, and the likes. The machine is capable of cutting 2D and 3D designs depending on the instructions from the G-code programming and CAD files. Although it shares similar function with the CNC Milling machine and is able to cut materials, it is ideally used in cutting soft materials such as wood and aluminum. This is ideal for prototype creation and tricky designs.
• CNC Plasma Cutting Machines – This machine is classified under Custom-Built CNC machines and is designed for cutting materials. What differentiates it from other CNC machine types is that it utilizes a plasma torch that is directly being controlled through a computer. This machine forces an accelerated stream of hot plasma through the nozzle to cut rough materials like metal. Although reputed for its effectiveness in cutting very thick steel and is highly praised for its cutting performance, this type of CNC machine is not for engraving or shaping.
• CNC Laser Cutters – Similar to the CNC Plasma Cutting Machines, the CNC Laser Cutters is classified under the Custom-Built CNC machines and are designed for decorative work and cut hard materials. The difference between the two is that the CNC Laser Cutters, by its name, utilizes a Laser instead of a Plasma Torch. However, it is heavily reliant on the wattage and power to cut the materials.

  The laser is highly precise, clean, fast, and flexible. It does not require changing of tools when creating a separate design. But it is important to note, when operating CNC Laser Cutters, it should be operated in an unenclosed environment since these machine produce fumes and gases that are hazardous to one’s health.

Each machine has its purpose. With all the variations, hailing the best CNC machine would depend on your shop’s needs – cutting, shaping, finishing, and engraving. However, rest assured that these CNC machines will surely deliver. If you’re ready to purchase a used CNC machine, make us at S&M Machinery your first call when buying surplus CNC Machinery! S&M Machinery is the leading independent machinery dealer of late-model surplus used CNC industrial machine tools in the United States With over 300 machine tools.